The Problem Of Aggression And Violence - 2205 Words

Aggression and violence are common in every day life, so common everyone is exposed to it. Krahe’ defines aggression as behavior that has intention to inflict negative consequences on a target with an expectancy the action will have a particular outcome (2001).There are an innumerable amount of studies to explain why aggression and violence occur, which are ranged from social and biosocial explanations as seen by the frustration and aggression theory (Dollard, 1939), the excitement transfer theory (Zillman, 1979), and the social learning theory (Bandura, 1961). Also ranged from biological theories, such as, psychodynamic (Freud, 1920), evolutionary (Buss, 1990), and ethological (Lorenz, 1966). Aggression has many forms, from social, verbal and physical aggression and other serious kinds of violence (Karriker-Jaffe, Foshee, Ennett, Suchindran, 2008). Based on theories and studies; I will propose my FIVEstop approach, which are 5 solutions that may help reduce aggressive in soc iety, and why the solutions may work. First, I recommend starting with children and parents. Since children are our future adults who will grow to learn different behaviors and actions, I believe it is crucial to reduce aggression in children first starting from birth. Many studies have shown that spanking children causes aggression. Maccoby (1992) found that children who have experienced physical discipline from their parents are more aggressive than those who have not. However, to understandShow MoreRelatedThe Journal Article : Elementary School Youth Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle Pathways To Aggression In Urban Elementary School Youth, studies and investigates the violence that is profound in the urban school district. The authors researched and examined the students to see if the violence from their environment was the cause of the children’s violence in school. Two hundred and fifty nine students were examined with the permission of parents to come to a conclusi on. Nearly one hundred percent of the participants were exposed to at least one act of violence. Results showedRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence And Violence On Children1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdesire of violence, if it might have prevented him from acting out his violence and aggressive behavior toward his victims. Whether the behavior is being acted out at home or in a public place, to a family member or a stranger, this issue must be address to help protect our children from hurting others and themselves as time progress. With no help, as time develop things gets worst; this goes for anything. Children are too young and emotionally unstable to handle or hold back any kind of violence and aggressiveRead More Sports Violence in Relation to Preserving Values in Society Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesall images of today’s sports that are familiar to us. In recent years players and fans alike have shown increased aggression when it comes to sporting events. One of the most disturbing trends in sports is the increasing frequency and severity of violence. Injuries and deaths among participants are on the rise, as are injuries and deaths among fans and spectators. Violence in sports is an important issue because sports themselves are an important aspect in our lives and the society we liveRead MoreChildren Of Inter Parental Family Violence1087 Words   |  5 PagesEvery single day, a child encounters an act of violence. Not only on televisions but also in their own homes as well. For those who go through those circumstances strongly believe that even families and homes are not the shelters where they would find encouragement and sense of security, but rather they abstract the meaning as an arena where fear, anxiety, confusion, anger, and disruption are significant threads in the needlepoint of a home life,(Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric NursingRead More Youth Violence Essay597 Words   |  3 Pages Youth Violence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever since the terrible tragedy at Columbine High School, there has been a numerous list of recent school shootings in America. Youth violence is a major issue in today’s society. Many people dread what causes adolescents to be so violent, committing horrible crimes.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many wonders that go around about why young adolescents commit such violent crimes. These questions vary from why kidsRead MoreEffects Of Parental Neglect On Children From Ages 8-131199 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Tameika N. Martin PS504 July 5, 2016 Delores Harrell Assignment: Research Proposal - Draft of Introduction The subject of this particular research proposal is: Does parental neglect cause aggression in children from ages 8-13. The thesis statement for this subject is: Even though childhood aggression can come from things other than parental neglect, and not all neglected children have anger issues, neglectful parents can cause children to have anger issues because when children feel neglectedRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreViolent Video Games Do Not Cause Violence And Aggression1527 Words   |  7 PagesGames Over the past few years, the United States has seen violence that has come from the inside of the country. Various high schools, have had shootings inside of them from some of the high school students that go to that specific school. Some experts blame the shootings by categorizing the students as someone who has been tormented and bullied basically most of life, while other experts believe the shootings were caused by the violence in video games. There has been a lot of nation-wide discussionRead MoreEarly Disclosure, Violence, And Violence1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdisclosure to violence may possibly lead to aggression in young preschoolers. Research stated that exposure to violence in adolescence at a young age may lead to aggression in school age youths. Aggression and violence may not be as serious for some individuals and it’s often considered a part of growing up as a child. Aggression can be understood in a range of ways. It can be conceptualized as ones’ person ality trait or having origins within a difficult temperament. In other words, aggression and violenceRead MoreSexual Behavior And Substance Abuse Related Activities1255 Words   |  6 Pagesanother. They Examined data from two peer-group intervention studies and found that youth in the experimental group had increased adolescent problem behavior and negative life outcomes in adulthood, whereas youth in the control conditions did not show such effects. I suggest that, youth may be particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes as a result of peer aggression. The youth in the juvenile justice system have to deal with peer pressure almost all the time when not under guard supervision; it’s most

A Research On Ethics, Psychology, Class And Lab Safety

There is no required textbook. Class notes, references, and recommend readings are provided during each meeting period and in the follow-up sessions, covering topics on ethics, self-image, evidence-based pedagogies, case studies and tools, psychology, class and lab safety, and more. While most modules are taught by members of the Department of Chemistry, some external experts are invited to both enhance and provide support for the Chemistry community. Table 1: Topics in Advanced Training for Teachers and Researchers in Chemistry 1 Ensuring Equity in the Classroom 2 Dealing with Problem Students 3 Plagiarism and Internal Case Studies 4 Peer Discussion Review 5 How People Learn 6 Diversity Hiring and Recruiting 7 Compressed Gas Safety 8 Presentation Skills 9 Public Speaking 10 Scientific Writing 11 Phasing Teaching into Research The topics covered in this class are chosen to support the goals of developing ethics, critical thinking, and a strong self-image in GTAs as well as career development. This first goal of developing a strong ethical groundwork starts with â€Å"Ensuring Equity in the Classroom†. While part of this Advanced Training Course, it is presented during in the Intensive Training Program that GTAs receive prior to teaching their first class and is discussed in our previous publication (22). This topic dovetails well with the other pedagogical tools introduced that build a positive self-image and train GTAs to be authorities in their own classroom.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Occupational Safety And Dictate Human Performance Within A Work Environment1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthought was, how stressful of an environment to perform so many tasks, at such a quick pace. Intrigued by this question, I narrowed down my interests in psychology to the investigation of how stress, motivatio n, and task variation can effect attention and performance under threatening environments. Furthermore, how those constructs effect occupational safety and dictate human performance within a work environment. More specifically, I am interested in exploring the question of what countermeasures can beRead MoreEthical Judgements Limit the Methods Available1400 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to how the messages are communicated through the published work. As a result of these judgements, banned literature limits the knowledge available for the students. Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a book I read in my grade 10 English class. This book is banned in some countries because of its themes about sex, inappropriate language and the character’s rebellious acts against the adult world (â€Å"Entertainment. Entertainment Milestone Top 10 Censored Books Comments). In my opinion, studentsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suff er painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowly kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and consRead MoreWriting a Letter of Recommendation6680 Words   |  27 Pagesnot necessarily reflect the views of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute or the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. This publication is available online at http://www.hhmi.org/labmanagement. Burroughs Wellcome Fund 21 T.W. Alexander Drive P.O. Box 13901 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3901 Howard Hughes Medical Institute 4000 Jones Bridge Road Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789 http://www.hhmi.org http://www.bwfund.org WRITING A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION As a beginning independentRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesIntroduction to Numerical Analysis,Brian Bradie (ISM) A Guide to International Financial Reporting Standards, 3rd Edition_Belverd E. Needles, Marian Powers (SM+TB) A Guide to Modern Econometrics, 4th Edition_Marno Verbeek (SM) A History of Modern Psychology, 10th Edition _ Duane P. 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What makes us happy? Do humans display irrational biases? How can I, a mere physical being, have thoughts and emotions? HowRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 ManagementRead MoreKkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk6406 Words   |  26 Pages553 7. Electronics and Computer Software MANAGEMENT and HUMAN FACTORS (6 credits) Two courses must be taken in the Management and Human Factors core. 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Unilever South Africa free essay sample

Unilever’s however decided to continue investing in the South African economy. Unilever’s Capital Expenditure between 1980 and 1985 exceeded R192 million with Lever Brothers buying Reckitt–Columbus, the industrial division of Reckitt and Colman, in 1982 and then adding a new NSD Plant and Oil Mill in Boksburg, an upgraded Bath soap manufacturing facility in Durban and production facilities for silica gels. 1985 marked the acquisition of Brooke Bond Oxo, followed by Cheesebrough Ponds in 1987, Simonsberg Cheese in 1988 and the local Elizabeth Arden business in1989. Ola ice cream was established in 1994 and Van Den Bergh amp; Jurgens and Lipton were merged to establish Unifoods as an integrated foods business. Extensive capital investment was made in new IT systems, innovation in soap powders (concentrates), and in new foods. Unilever continued to consolidate and, in 1996, Lever Brothers and Elida Ponds merged to form a strong home and personal care company called Lever Ponds. In 2004, in line with the Global name alignment, Lever Pond’s was renamed Unilever South Africa Home and Personal Care. On the same basis, the Foods business was renamed Unilever South Africa Foods. In 2007 , Unilever South Africa Home and Personal Care and Unilever South Africa Foods were merged together to form the company we today call Unilever South Africa Pty Ltd HOW UNILEVER WORKS. The current Unilever corporate logo was introduced in 2004 and was designed by the brand consultancy Wolff Olins. It is composed of 24 icons woven together to create a U shape, with each icon representing one of the companys sub-brands or its corporate values. [37] The brand identity was developed around the idea of adding vitality to life For three consecutive years Unilever has made an impact at the Product of the Year Awards, even scooping 12 awards in the year 2011. This is testimony to the effort Unilever takes to ensure that its products are of superior quality. It therefore has an edge over its competition in this respect which helps retain and increase the number of customers it has. In 2011 Unilever South Africa ranked No1 Large Sized Employer and No1 FMCG Employer at the CFR SA Best Employers Awards 2011. It also ranked 4th on the Overall Best Employer. Unilever therefore has a knack for employee satisfaction. It has satisfied employees in terms of remuneration, good working conditions and equal/fair treatment of all employees. With obviously motivated employees Unilever is able to conduct operations efficiently and effectively. This ensures that the company’s annual goals are attained and maximum profits are made. Unilever biggest strength is its brands. Sunlight is Unilever’s largest selling brand, while others such as Omo, Lux, Lipton, Ola and Knorr are famous household names. Unilever operates in nine product categories. These are namely laundry, savoury and dressings, skincare and cleansing, margarine, deodorants, household care, tea, hair care and ice cream. It leads the market in seven of these categories Consumer research also plays a vital role in brand development. Unilever’s excellent strategy of creating strong brands has ensured that over the years the company’s products have continued to have a strong presence in the market. Strong branding also helps their brands be more attractive to the final consumer who would probably purchase them over the competition. REASONS FOR HAVING A LARGE EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY. Unilever South Africa and its employees were responsible for generating an output of more than R32 billion in the process, supporting approximately 100Â  000 jobs throughout South Africa’s economy.. In total this represents 0. 8% of South Africa’s total employment. Unilever South Africa sources from over 3 000 suppliers and half of its R4. 5 billion purchasing spend goes to South African suppliers. Unilever South Africa is responsible for a number of other important economic effects as well. The company has also made very significant tax revenues for the government, which is a total some R4 billion, equivalent to almost 0. % of all government revenue. Analysis shows that Unilever South Africa contribution to value added throughout the economy amounted to R12. 5 billion in 2005, or around 0. 9% of the countrys GDP. The GDP multiplier indicates that for every R100 of Unilever South Africa sales revenue, R145 is added to the countrys GDP. The company offers extensive trai ning for its own workers as well as for non-workers and the unemployed, who participate in South Africa’s learnership schemes, which is a key component of the governments skill-building initiatives. The cost of this training was equal to 2. % of corporate payroll in 2005. The quality of the training is superb since some of their employees are lured away to other companies. While it is a challenge to continue retaining them it is positive for the South African Economy since since the local firms benefit. These firms may not have the capacity to provide such excellent training which is a further bonus to the economy. Unilever South Africa further influences South Africa’s economy and its social well-being through its Corporate Social Investments (CSI) projects and its efforts to promote Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). Unilever South Africa CSI programmes have had an emphasis on meeting the challenges of HIV/Aids; the improvement of education and of educational opportunities for disadvantaged citizens. Many of these activities have been carried out in close co-operation with the government of South Africa. In line with BEE It is now recruiting heavily among previously disadvantaged individuals for the next generation of upper management. It therefore has one of the most excellent BEE score cards. Another area in which Unilever South Africa contributes to South Africa is through its environmental policies and programmes. The company uses global environmental standards that even exceed those found within South Africa. POSITIVE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY. Creation of emplotment-Unilever has been able to provide employment for many South Africans. This helps to alleviate poverty since more people are able to support themselves using jobs that Unilever has provided. Revenue to the government-Unilever is an umbrella company with many different brands under it working independently. All these different brands are taxed by the government. The revenue attained by the government can be used for the benefit of the whole country by for example building infrastructure. Corporate Social Investment(CSI)- Communities within South Africa’s economy benefit from CSI projects which help improve their standards of living. This helps the economy be more conducive for business by reducing poverty and therefore crime. NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY. Pollution-Unilever has taken measures to reduce the amount of harmful emission of pollutants into the environment. But due to the nature of the manufacturing process harmful emissions are still released into the environment. This causes illness to the human resource which reduces productivity. The mortality rate could also be lowered which has less productive workers in the economy. Competition for local firms-Local firms experience stiff competition from Unilever. They are of much smaller capacity to Unilever. As a result local industries are killed since they do not have the means to compete with the multinational. This results in fewer job opportunities for the population. Consumers are also limited for choice since local products get less availability in the market. Investment in other countries-Unilever is a multinational and has many bases throughout the planet. Profits attained from the South African market could therefore be used to invest in its interests in other nations. This drains the South African economy of revenue that could have been used for the benefit of the South African economy. MEDIA ARTICLES Report on media articles Unilever’s desire to continue expanding in South Africa is evident. They have pledged to continue investing in the South African economy by introducing even ,ore brands into the economy. Some local brands have also been purchased to further establish Unilever’s influence on the South African economy. A billion rand has also been invested to continue producing its brands. Sources http://www. unilever. co. za Measuring Unilever’s Economic Footprint-Ethan B Kapstein http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Unilever | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. ]

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Essay Example

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Paper Trimyristin is one member of a class of triglycerides which is found in animals fatty tissues and vegetable or marine oils. It can dissolve in organic compound such as hot acetone readily as it is a non-polar compound.  After the isolation of tirmyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction followed by recrystallizaiton, the present of functional groups in organic molecules can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most useful tools available to the organic chemist as only small quantity of sample is needed, the cost of the spectrometer is relatively small and the application of this method is wide. A molecule is constantly vibrating. Changes in vibrations of a molecule are caused by absorption of infrared light. A particular part of the infrared spectrum is referred to either by its wavelength or its frequency. Therefore, infrared spectrum is a highly characteristic property of an organic compound and can be used both to establish the identity of two compounds and to reveal the structure of a new compound. We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Small amount of activated carbon is added to during the recrystallization in order to absorb the colour inside the solution. After that, it can be filter out by the fluted filter paper.  Objective:  To isolate trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction  To purified it by recrystallization.  To obtain an infrared spectrum of the isolated trimyristin from the recrystallized trimyristin from the experiment.  To study the difference between the infrared spectrum results of the isolated trimyristin from experiment 3 and the recrystallized trimyristin  Materials and Methods  Procedure for the isolation trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction. 15.13g of ground nutmeg seed, 40ml of acetone and five antibumping granules were placed into a 100ml round bottom flask. The ground glass joints of the 100-ml reaction flask and the outer joint of the reflux condenser were lubricated by Vaseline to prevent the glass joints from freezing together. The mixture was then allowed to reflux for 15 minutes.  Then, the heating mantle was switched off and the hot solution was filtered into a 100 ml conical flask containing 15 ml acetone on a hot water bath using a hot stemless funnel which was preheated to about 80?C and fitted with a fluted filter paper. The extracts were allowed to cool in an ice bath until crystallization was complete while the solid material was isolated by suction filtration. Procedure for recrystallization  The isolated product from ex 3 was placed in a 100ml conical flask. Then 30ml acetone and a very small amount of activated charcoal were added. The mixture was warmed in a hot water bath. After that, the solution was filtered and allowed to cool in an ice bath. The purified trimyristin crystals were collected by suction filtration. The weight and melting point of the product were also determined.  Procedure for infrared spectroscopy. About 15 to 20 mg of the recrystallized sample was ground in an agate mortar, then a drop of the paraffin oil was added, and was ground for 2 to 5 minutes until a mull was formed. The mull was transferred to the bottom salt plate of a demountable cell. The top plate was then placed and twisted to distribute the sample evenly and eliminate all air pockets and the spectrum was run. After running the sample, the salt plates were wiped clean with a tissue paper saturated with acetone. The apparatus for refluxing a solution is always left open to the atmosphere during heating and is never stoppered because if the apparatus is in a closed system and the temperature of that system is increased, air will expand. And the solvent will evaporate into gas so the pressure inside will increase also. As the pressure inside will continue to increase and until the apparatus cannot stand the pressure, the apparatus will break and the solution may spread. That is why it is really unsafe when heating in a closed system. IR spectrum  In our group, the IR spectrum of recrystallized sample was done. In the spectrum, there were a peak at 1735.84cm-1 which indicated the presence of C=O bond,  peaks at about 1180cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-O bond and the peak at 2842.67cm-1 to 2920cm-1 indicated the presence of aliphatic C-H bond.  By comparing the IR spectrum of un-recrystallized sample from the other group, similar pattern of the spectrum was obtained. Same functional groups were found in that sample but the transmittance of the recrystallized one was much lower than the un-recrystallized one which indicated that the purity of the recrystallized sample was higher. Source of errors  If the mixture was heating under reflux for too long, other things may also extract. Moreover, there was loss of sample during the transfer process as some solid might adhere on the flasks, Buchner funnel or even the weighting bottle. Some of the trimyristin might not completely dissolve in the hot acetone so less trimyristin was extracted. As the solubility of trimyristin in hot acetone is much bigger than in colder acetone, if we dont filter quickly after heating, the temperature would decrease and less trimyristin would be isolated. For the IR spectrum of the recrystallized sample, some sharp unnecessary peaks may appear because of the acetone or other impurities as we used acetone to clean the plate which did not evaporate completely before we put them in the spectroscopy. Improvement  For the purity, we can repeat the process of recrystallization although the yield might be lowered. Moreover, the product could be allowed to dry in the suction filter for more time. Tiny amount of charcoal was added first, then warm the mixture for a while if the yellow colour still present, a little more charcoal is added instead of adding too much at first. For the reflux, it is better not reflux for more than 20 minutes. During reflux, the stand should shake gently so that the trimyristin can better dissolve in the hot acetone and should filter the solution as quick as possible after heating. Finally, wait for a while after cleaning the salts plates or apparatus used for IR spectroscopy so that the acetone can fully evaporate in order not to interfere the results.

The Anti War Movement Of The Vietnam War Essay Example For Students

The Anti War Movement Of The Vietnam War Essay The Anti-War Movement J,J,J,J,United States participation in the Vietnam War was a subject of much debate among the American public. While many Americans supported the United States involvement in the War, in agreement with the Government that American assistance was needed in order to stop the spread of Communism, other people felt that it was immoral for the United States to involve itself in another countrys internal matters. The antiwar movement against Vietnam in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nations history. Anti-war protesters ?were not confined to the young, radicals, intellectuals, and the disaffected?. By 1968, included many powerful individuals within the business and financial communities, the media, and the government itself? ( McMahon 466). Also by 68, protesters numbered almost seven million, with more than half being white youths in the college. We will write a custom essay on The Anti War Movement Of The Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Students for a Democratic Society, (SDS), announced its opposition of the Vietnam War publicly in 1965. In a public announcement, they state their reasons for disagreement. ?We feel that the war is immoral at its root, that it is fought alongside a regime with no claim to represent its people, and that it is foreclosing the hope of making America a decent and truly democratic society?.We are anxious to help and to change our country; we refuse to destroy someone elses country (McMahon 467).?The SDS was not alone in their opposition. Civil-Rights leader, Martin Luther King, Jr., declared his opposition in 1967. He stated many reasons. it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was sending their sons and brothers and their husbands to fight and die?As I walked among the desperate, rejected and angry young men, I have told them that Molotov cocktails and rifles would not solve their problems?But, they asked, what about Vietna m?Their questions hit home, and I knew that I could never again raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today my own government? (McMahon 471). One aspect of the anti-war movement were teach-ins. Teach-ins were mass public demonstrations, usually held in the spring and fall seasons. These well-publicized rallies made the antiwar effort more respectable. The White House was plagued by two wars: the war in Vietnam and the war at home?. In October 1967, protesters marched on the Pentagon. This was one of the most significant events of the antiwar movement. Although the marchers were unable to get into the Pentagon, this demonstration had a direct influence on the redirection of American policy in Vietnam. The antiwar effort crippled Johnsons presidency. In 1968 he announced that he would not be running for re-election. The antiwar movement inadvertently helped Richard Nixon win the election. Once elected, Nixon was bothered with the antiwar movement. He was convinced that it prolonged the war. He could not understand how the current generation of young people could include brave young marines, hippies and draft-card burners. In May 1970, Nixon ordered an attack on Cambodian sanctuaries to destroy communist command-and-supply buildings. He also tried to contain the protest that he knew his action would provoke. His hopes of controlling the rally failed when poorly trained National Guardsmen killed four students at Kent State University, on May 4. This made the expected protests much worse than anyone in Washington could have foreseen. The wave of demonstrations on hundreds of college campuses paralyzed Americas higher-education system. The Kent State tragedy ignited a nationwide campus disaster. ?Between May 4 and May 8, campuses experienced an average of 100 demonstrations a day, 350 campus strikes, 536 colleges shut down, and 73 colleges reported significant violence in their protests. On that weekend, 100,000 people gathered to protest in Washington. By May 12, over 150 colleges were on strike? (Internet source). The overwhelming response to the invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State crisis soon became too much for President Nixon. On December 15, Nixon announced his intention to withdraw fifty thousand troops from Vietnam in 1970Among the most convincing theories of the movement were that it exerted pressures directly on Johnson and Nixon. Many feel the movement contributed to the end of their policies. The movement exerted pressures indirectly by turning the public against the war. It encouraged the Northern Vietnamese to fight on long enough to the point that Americans demanded a withdrawal from Southeast Asia; it influenced American political and military strategy. The movement affected even those at the highest ranks of the government and the media, putting pressure on government officials to end the war in order satisfy an angry American public. The movement contributed to the resignations of many government officials. It is now clear that the antiwar movement and antiwar criticism in the media and Congress had a significant impact on Vietnam. Its key points being the mass demonstrations by the college students across the country and the general public opposition to the war effort in Vietnam. Overall, the movement eroded support for Johnson and Nixon, especially by the informed public. Thus, from the beginning of the US involvement in Indochinas affairs, the antiwar movement in the US from 1965-1971 was the most significant movement of its kind in the nations history. BibliographyMcMahon, Robert J. Major Problems in the History of the Vietnam War. D.C. Heath and Company. Lexington, MA: 1995. .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .postImageUrl , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:hover , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:visited , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:active { border:0!important; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:active , .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236 .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6f68fc75f2fd9b8e19eab2e0d41c236:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gatsby Essay PromptsRadical Times: The Antiwar Movement of the 1960s. www.library.thinkquest.org

Words to War essays

Words to War essays In the period after the French and Indian War it had become quite clear that the agendas of England and the American colonies had become severely different. It was in this time period that England greatly increased its focus on the colonies and began to, without knowing it, test the loyalty and patience of its colonies. England began to pass tariffs and tax laws that thoroughly enraged the colonists, who thought it wrong for the empire to all of a sudden take interest in them again. It became clear, after a very short period of parliament interfering with the colonies, that colonists angry words were on their way to becoming rebellious actions. It was also clear that not all of the colonists had the same goal in mind when it came to the idea of revolution. In 1765 parliament passed the Stamp Act, which put a tax on many everyday items. The Stamp Act was an internal tax that raised the cost of the goods in a way that made the colonists have to pay for it. Up until that time the colonists had seen many external taxes imposed, they were imposed in the form of tariffs used to regulate trade in the empire, but the merchants were the ones who had to pay for it. However, this new development infuriated the colonists and set them to thinking about radical ideas. The main argument that rose out of these was that of Taxation without representation, the colonists firmly believed that the government should have complete and total consent of the governed peoples to pass such any legal acts or laws. Ben Franklin, seeing the tension that was beginning to build up within the colonists, stepped up to the plate and explained to Parliament why the colonists disgusted their decisions. Ben explained that it wasnt that the colonists minded taxation; it was that they didnt like internal taxation. As good as he tried his words were a complete misrepresentation of what the colonists really felt. It was ...

Ontarios Full-day kindergarten policy Term Paper

Ontarios Full-day kindergarten policy - Term Paper Example Some of these policies usually cover individual institutions while others always present a national and a government outlook. These policies are generally in relation to both the teachers’ and the students’ performances. They look at such issues as the teacher education and certification, the teaching methods employed, the content of the curriculum, the school infrastructure developments, the assessment methods, graduation requirements of the various institutions and the values expected to be upheld by these institutions of learning (Abbott, Rathbone & Whitehead, 2012). The various education policies in place and those that are newly formulated helps give a guideline to both instructors and learners on the availability of the different learning modes and how to effectively utilize them. It creates uniformity in the learning systems within the different institutions in the country making it easy to compare them on different fronts. These policies need to be addressed and implemented in the schools so that they can take effect and achieve their objectives. Most of these policies recognize learning as a journey in which the learners are equipped with the ability to discern what position they are in concerning their educational achievements. The learners should be able to determine where they are in the present, where they would be in the future and come up with various means to improve their present conditions (Abbott, Rathbone & Whitehead, 2012). One of the current policies in education that has been controversial in most parts of the country and that which has been used to gauge the performance of both the learners and their instructors, is the assessment policy of schools. It has been a practice for the government to assess institutions concerning their performances on different aspects. Students and schools have been graded based on their performances in the

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Indians of the Rio Grande (1528-1536) Essay

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, Indians of the Rio Grande (1528-1536) - Essay Example We treated many satisfied patients who firmly believed in our abilities. The natives highly respected us. Women treated us with mats and cooked food for us. The natives would abandon anything that was not blessed by us. As a result, we were supposed to breathe on and bless every share that was bought to us. Moreover, they would seek our advice for all important matters. During our expeditions, other people who feared us and believed firmly in our sacred powers welcomed us. They surrendered all their possessions to us that were distributed to those who were needy of them. During the expedition, we suffered a lot from malnutrition until Castillo and the Negro, left to look for food to a village beneath the river. Good news flowed from here, and the natives came to welcome them with food and water (Barker, pp. 15-20). However, as the natives and the Indians did not get along well, we had to follow the league of the natives, leaving the Indians behind with their food. The natives celebrated our arrival, while we left the next day. The following night, I asked my mates to look for the Christians who were moving away from that part of the country, who nevertheless refused due to the fatigue and weariness. However, I took off with my league in search of Christians. On our journey, we met four Christians who were astonished to see us; I nonetheless, asked them to lead us to their captain Diego de Alcaraz.

Hyperinflation in Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hyperinflation in Germany - Essay Example Another factor which contributes to the cause was the reparations for the destruction caused after the World War I which had no returns. It was largely believed by Seflon Delmer that Germany's strategy of financing the war on credit basis leading to huge deficits caused the degradation of mark. The most important point to be noted is that Havenstien, Director of Reichsbank, whose inability to understand the causes for situation, instead of finding blamed it on reparations and increased the flow of money which is clear indication of deregulation from the economic point of view. Alex also argued on the role of industrialists in their effort to increase the inflation as most of the industrialists prospered during this period. All these factors laid the foundation for the rise of inflation in Germany during 1923 after World War I. (Alex De Jonge) During the period of hyperinflation, there was social unrest in the society. Alex in his articles using appropriate examples has tried to explain what the value of money was during this period and the government and capitalist intervention in regulation policies. Alex in his work mentioned that workers were paid five times a week due to weak performance of currency. From the economics perspective, the supply and demand are the most important factors and termed as wheels of the economy. Inflation is referred as a situation where level of prices increase and value of money declines. This was clearly reflected in the works of Alex De Jonge through an example of an author receiving advance payment for his work. But the time money reaches him, it is worth paying off the bills of postal charges. How much the value owed to the public can be understood from this example cited by Alex, wherein a Mayor presents a donation of 1,000,000,000,000 to Berlin couple, the value of which was no more t han half penny. The value of money was undervalued in such a way that currencies were found in gutter thrown away by the beggars. Due to the inflation crisis and loss on money value, many cities and individual firms started printing their own notes secured by food stocks and eventually gave rise to barter system of market trade after 500 years. This gives clear indication of laissez faire in the German economy where government's interference was almost negligible. Barter market gave rise to commodity value and commodities were exchanged giving rise to theft and burglary of mailboxes, door handle, telephone wires, shoes, etc. The article indentifies certain issues wherein government interference was necessary but did not act. The inflation was a period of prosperity wherein rich grew richer and poor were exploited heavily as in capitalist economy. Alex in his paper has tried to explain the causes and effects on Germany's economy which gave rise to once ancient barter system. The currency value lost its real value to such an extent that even beggars didn't had confidence in keeping it. According to Alex's view, Germany was cheaper to foreigners than to its own citizen. (Alex de Jonge) III. Socioeconomic and Political developments in Germany Post

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay

The Next Big Thing What Is Pinterest Marketing Essay Pinterest is a website that lets individuals or businesses gather and share the numerous interesting items, pictures, videos, or anything that interests them; It is essentially a community of curators (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The term pin refers to posting or placing an item on your pinboard (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). Individuals use pinboards to beautify their households/offices, design their weddings, learn about new recipes, and other interesting things (Pinterest, 2012, p.1). The website allows users to browse through other pinboards of individuals or brands; browsing through pinboards is an exciting way to discover new ideas (Pinterest, 2012, p.2). Pinterest users are encouraged to interact with the content by repining it, sharing pins on Facebook and Twitter or via email, and even embedding individual pins on their website or blog (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9). . 1.1 Brief History of Pinterest Pinterest was created by a company called Cold Brew Labs in 2009 (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). Cold Brew Labs initially consisted of three founders, but a couple of months later it consisted of only Ben Silberman and Paul Sciarra (Carlson, 2012, pg. 1). It has since grown to become one the best and most used social media platform. As of Fall 2012, Pinterest had over 11 million users, of which up to 80% of the users are women between the ages of 25 and 55 (Hayden, 2012, p.1). According to Beth Hayden (2012), the demographic is shifting and there are more men joining Pinterest, she also goes on to talk about how Pinterest users are fairly affluent, with an average salary of $50,000. 1.2 SWOT Analysis of Pinterest The major strengths of Pinterest are its users, its fun and easy interface, its ability to increase traffic, ability to increase sales, and its abilty to link and lead (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 9-12). The major weaknesses of Pinterest are spams, the fact that it is not on all smartphones, and also the fact that they are yet to develop a clear, effective revenue mode (Hubspot, 2012). Opportunities available for Pinterest are take over/mergers, more mobile apps, and. Threats are clone sites, biggers sites like google, facebook (Hubspot, 2012). 2. How Are They Influencing Social Media? 3-5 years ago an average online customer would have to ask friends or professional for wedding tips, home dà ©cor tips, or even food tips. Today, Pinterest is changing the way we access information, we no longer need to pay a professional for wedding tips, home dà ©cor tips, etc. However, the main question is how does that influence social media? Well, Pinterest has filled the void social media giants Facebook and Twitter have failed to fill by providing consumers and sellers the perfect medium to exchange ideas visually. At present, Pinterest is driving more referral traffic than LinkedIn, Google+ and YouTube combined, the only social media platform driving more traffic than Pinterest is Facebook (Hayden, 2012, p.11) Pinterest, whose users have been proven to buy more items, spend more money, and complete more transactions online than any other site (Crum, 2012, p. 2). In short, the people who use Pinterest are the ones at the heart of every social media outlet on the market these days, and what theyre looking at and buying is critical to any successful merchant (Crum, 2012, p. 2). 3. How Can Businesses Effectively Use Pinterest Pinterest presents businesses with a variety of activities you can initiate to market your company to a new audience (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22). The goal is to increase or attain brand recognition, drive traffic to your website and be successful at transferring the new visits into leads and/or sales (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 22) Pinterest is an awesome social media platform for businesses that rely on high-volume of website traffic to increase sales. In fact, early research indicates that Pinterest is more effective at driving traffic compared to other social media sites, even Facebook (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 10). At the end of the day, whats going to matter most is how much traffic, leads, sales, and customers you generate via Pinterest (Hubspot, 2012, pg.27). What is the behaviour of traffic? What topic drives traffic? Analytics tools like Pin Alert, Pinerly, and Pinvolve can help a business monitor and measure growth (Honigman, 2012, p.1). 3.1 How To Drive Website Traffic and/or Sales Via Pinterest First of all, the business has to realize that it has to gain followers, and the easiest way to do this is by becoming an information curator for your niche (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Gather the newest and best resources on your boards. Become a trusted source of information on Pinterest, and your following will grow by leaps and bounds (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Also, Connect your account with your Facebook and Twitter accounts. Not only will it help you gain followers, but making this connection adds social media icons under your profile picture that link to your Facebook and Twitter profiles (Hayden, 2012, p.1). A lot of brands have already started creating contests using Pinterest. Hold a contest that asks users to create a pinboard on their own account to demonstrate what they love about your brand, products, or services (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 25) Make it super easy for website visitors to share your visual content or images on Pinterest by adding a Pin It button to your site (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Just like other social media sharing buttons, this will help to expose your brand to a new audience (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Offer exclusive Pinterest promotions. Create pins that give special promotions for following you on Pinterest (Hayden, 2012, p.1). Create a board that tells the story of your company and communicates your core values. Make this board available to people as part of your sales process (Hayden, 2012, p.1). 4. Brands Already On Pinterest Pinterest offers a great medium to connect with your audience. The brands that have been most successful arent just enabling users to pin their content; rather, theyre getting in on the pinning themselves (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Unlike Twitter, The top profiles, owned by individuals, on Pinterest are over 10 times larger than the top profiles owned by companies, and none are celebrity accounts (business insider, 2012). Individuals who have been successful have kept it simple: Lots of pictures of food and fashion (Minato, 2012, p.2) Pinterest offers a great medium to connect with your audience. The brands that have been most successful arent just enabling users to pin their content; rather, theyre getting in on the pinning themselves. (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Below are 5 brands that are doing well: Perfect Pallete Drake University Mashable Wall Street Journal Whole Foods Market 4.1 What are they doing right? While Pinterest is still very young and its true ROI remains to be seen, here are three examples of brands who are already using Pinterest the right way: to engage fans in a meaningful way that gets them to react, share, and even convert (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) The Perfect Palette, a wedding blog that explores the color palette possibilities for your wedding and serves, as a resource for other wedding ideas, would seem to be a perfect match for Pinterest and it is (Wasserman, 2012, p.1). Drake University for instance uses Pinterest to interact with students and help them navigate campus life, they also showcases items its student population might actually be interested in: clothing that matches the schools colors, room dà ©cor perfect for the dorm, guides to making cheap food look and taste awesome, and study inspirations (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 39). If you are a potential student, you can learn everything you need to know about the school with just a few quick glances (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 34) Meanwhile, since Pinterest looks a bit like a newspaper, the Wall Street Journal made it into an actual newspaper. The newspaper takes the most interesting quotes from its articles, highlights them on its Quotes Board and then encourages users to click on them (Minato, 2012, p.1). Food is one of the major niches or shared interests on Pinterest. In fact, food lovers were among the first on Pinterest; they saw the benefits of pinning instead of clipping recipes. These foodies used boards to plan dinner parties, collect holiday baking ideas, and create their own virtual cookbooks (Helm, 2012, p.4). 5. Conclusion As you can tell, the trick to succeeding on Pinterest isnt necessarily about showing off your products or services directly. Its about finding creative ways to show how those products and services fit into the lifestyles of your target audience (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Take the best practices we have shared here and start pinning content that represents your company identity and attracts visitors back to your website (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Finally, dont invest a ton of effort in marketing on Pinterest unless you can measure the results of your activities (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). Be smart about the way you prioritize your marketing initiatives and keep a close eye on the specific benefits this new social network can provide to your business (Hubspot, 2012, pg. 43). At the end, it comes down to this: make an amazing product, and people will buy it (Patterson, 2011, p.1)

Income and Analytic Skills

Principles of Macroeconomics, 9e – TB1 (Case/Fair/Oster) Chapter 6 Measuring National Output and National Income 6. 1 Gross Domestic Product 1 Multiple Choice 1) The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period by factors of production located within a country is A) gross domestic product. B) gross national product. C) net national product. D) net national income. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Definition 2) Gross domestic product measures A) the total spending of everyone in the economy. B) the value of all output in the economy. C) he total income of everyone in the economy. D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Definition 3) Which of the following is an example of a final good or service? A) wheat a bakery purchases to make bread B) coffee beans Starbucks purchases to make coffee C) lumber purchased by a construction company to used in building houses D) a computer purchased by Federal Express to track shipments Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) Which of the following is a good or service counted in GDP? A) tires Ford buys to put on a car B) used tire you buy for your personal car C) a new tire you buy for your personal car D) used tires bought by a used car dealer to put on a car on his lot Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Which of the following is an example of an intermediate good? A) the dough you buy to fix yourself a pizza for dinner B) the chocolate you buy to make yourself some cookies C) the pizza sauce you purchase to make pizzas to sell for a fund-raiser for an organization you belong to D) lumber you buy to build a house for your dog Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic ProductSkill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 6) Double counting can be avoided by A) including the value of intermediate goods in the current y ear. B) not counting the value of intermediate goods in GDP. C) including the value of intermediate goods in the GNP but not in the GDP. D) including the value of intermediate goods in the production year but not in the selling year of those goods. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 7) Which of the following would NOT be counted in 2007's GDP? A) the value of a 2005 boat you purchase from a boat dealer in 2007 B) he 2007 salary of a used motorcycle salesperson C) the commissions earned by a real estate agent in selling condominiums built prior to 2007 D) the value of a refrigerator manufactured in 2007 but not sold in 2007 Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8) Which of the following would be counted in 2003's GDP? A) the value of a loan you take in 2003 B) the value of a TV that was produced in 2002 but not sold until 2003 C) the bonus check a stockbroker gets from his /her company in 2003 D) the value of a bond sold by the federal government Answer:C Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 9) Which of the following is NOT included in 2008's GDP? A) the value of a motorcycle produced in the United States and exported to Japan B) the profit earned in 2008 from selling a stock that you purchased in 2005 C) the value of a motor that is used in the production of a lawn mower D) the commission earned by a headhunter when she locates a job for a client Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 10) Gross national product is the total market value ofA) all final and intermediate goods and service produced by resources owned by a country in a given year. B) all final and intermediate goods and services produced in a country, regardless of who owns the resources. C) all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, regardless of who owns the resou rces. D) all final goods and services produced by resources owned by a country, regardless of where production takes place. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Definition 11) If no foreign companies produce in a country, but many of the country's companies produce abroad, then A) he country's GNP will tend to exceed its GDP. B) the country's GDP will tend to exceed its GNP. C) the country's GNP and GDP will tend to be equal. D) the country's GDP will tend to be equal to its domestic income. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 12) Which of the following is included in both the U. S. GDP and GNP? A) The value of all cars produced by Ford in Mexico. B) The value of all cars produced by General Motors in the U. S. C) The value of all cars produced by Toyota in the U. S. D) The value of cars produced by Nissan in Japan and the U. S. Answer:B Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflectiv e Thinking 13) Which of the following is NOT counted in the GNP of the United States? A) The wage of a U. S. citizen who works in a foreign country for a foreign firm. B) The interest earned by a U. S. bank on loans to a business firm located in Brazil. C) The profit earned by a restaurant located in the United States but owned by a Mexican company. D) The value of services that are produced by state and local governments in the United States. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 14)The value of what KFC produces in Japan is included in the U. S. ________ and in the Japanese ________. A) GDP; GDP B) GNP; GNP C) GNP; GDP D) GDP; GNP Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) Profits earned in the United States by foreign-owned companies are included in A) the U. S. GDP but not GNP. B) neither the U. S. GDP nor GNP. C) the U. S. GNP but not GDP. D) both the U. S. GDP and GNP. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) The GDP of the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. This means A) hat the value of output in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. B) that total income in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. C) that total spending on final goods and services in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. D) all of the above Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 17) The GDP includes A) the value of all intermediate goods and services. B) the value of all final goods and services. C) the value of both intermediate and final goods and services. D) the value of all transactions. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: ConceptualAACSB: Reflective Thinking 18) Income Mexican citizens earn in the U. S. counts in A) U. S. GNP. B) Mexican GNP. C) Mexican GDP. D) both U. S. and Mexican GDP. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Pr oduct Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2 True/False 1) GDP measures the total income of everyone and the total spending by everyone in the economy. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 2) Total income in the economy can sometimes be greater than total spending. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking ) The income of U. S. citizens working abroad counts in U. S. GDP. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4) Stock market transactions are part of GNP. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 5) Value added is the difference between the value of good as they leave a stage of production and cost of the goods as they entered that stage of production. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Topic: Gross Domestic Product Skill: Definition 6. 2 Calculating GDP 1 Multiple Choice 1) The equation for GDP using the expenditure approach isA) GDP = C + I + G + EX – IM. B) GDP = C + I + G + (IM – EX). C) GDP = C + I + G + EX + IM. D) GDP = C + I + G – EX – IM. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 2) The single largest expenditure component in GDP is A) government spending. B) investment. C) consumption. D) net exports. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Fact Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 1 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 1 [pic] 3) Refer to Table 6. 1. Personal consumption expenditures in billions of dollars are A) 1,000. B) 1,300. C) 1,500. D) 2,000. Answer: D Diff: 2Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 4) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value for gross private domestic investment in billions of dollars is A) 300. B) 375. C) 425. D) 450. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 5) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value for net exports in billions of dollars is A) 150. B) 250. C) 650. D) 800. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 6) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value of gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 3,000. B) 3,075. C) 3,125. D) 3,750. Answer:B Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 7) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value of government spending in billions of dollars is A) 100. B) 200. C) 300. D) 500. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 2 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 2 [pic] 8) Refer to Table 6. 2. Personal consumption expenditures in billions of dollars are A) 900. B) 1,100. C) 1,400. D) 1,600. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 9) Refer to Table 6. 2.The value for gross private domestic investment in billions of dollars is A) 740. B) 810. C) 850. D) 890. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 10) Refer to Table 6. 2. The value for net exports in billions of dollars is A) -200. B) -150. C) 50. D) 250. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 11) Refer to Table 6. 2. The value for gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 2,900. B) 3,140. C) 3,440. D) 3,650. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 12) Refer to Table 6. 2.The value of government spending in billions of dollars is A) 200. B) 600. C) 800. D) 1,000. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 13) A company produced 8 dishwasher machines in 2005. The company sold 6 in 2005 and added 2 to its inventories. The market value of the dishwasher machines in 2005 was $200 per unit. What is the value of this company's output that will be included in the 2005 GDP? A) $400. B) $1,400. C) $1,600. D) $2,000. Answer : C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 14) A farmer buys a new tractor from John Deere to use on her cotton farm.This tractor is included in GDP as A) part of gross private domestic investment. B) a durable consumption good. C) a service. D) a nondurable consumption good. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 15) The change in business inventories is measured as A) final sales minus GDP. B) final sales plus GDP. C) GDP minus final sales. D) the ratio of final sales to GDP. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 16) In 2007 final sales equal $200 billion, and the change in business inventories is $50 billion. GDP in 2007 A) s $250 billion. B) is $200 billion. C) is $150 billion. D) is $40 billion. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 17) In 2006 final sales equal $350 billion and the change in business inventories is -$60 billion. GDP in 2006 A) is $290 billion. B) is $295 billion. C) is $410 billion. D) cannot be determined from this information. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 18) In 2008 the change in business inventories is -$70 billion and GDP is $200 billion. Final sales in 2008 A) are $130 billion. B) are $200 billion.C) are $270 billion. D) are $340 billion. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 19) In 2007, GDP was exactly equal to final sales. This implies that A) there was accumulation of inventories that year. B) there was a decline in inventories that year. C) there was no change in inventories that year. D) GDP did not grow that year compared to the year before. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 20) If the change in business inventories is zero, then final sales are A) zero. B) less than GDP. C) greater than GDP. D) qual to GDP. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 21) If in a year there is a positive inventory investment, then final sales A) exceed GDP. B) are less than GDP. C) equal GDP. D) are zero. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 22) Net investment equals A) GDP minus final sales. B) gross investment minus final sales. C) gross investment minus depreciation. D) depreciation plus GDP. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 23) If net investment is zero, then A) gross investment is greater than depreciation.B) gross investment is less than depreciation. C) gross investment equals depreciation. D) depreciation is zero. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 24) Suppose that net investment in 2008 was $20 billion and depreciation was $4 billion. Gross investment in 2008 was A) $16 billion. B) $20 billion. C) $24 billion. D) $28 billion. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 25) The total value of all capital goods newly produced in a given period is A) the change in business inventories. B) depreciation. C) net investment. D) ross investment. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 26) The change in capital stock in a period is equal to A) the ratio of the amount of the capital at the beginning of the period to the amount of depreciation. B) the amount of the capital stock at the beginning of the period plus gross investment minus depreciation. C) the amount of the capital at the beginning of the period plus gross investment. D) the amount of the capital at the beginning of the period minus net investment. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 27) Net investment is A) gross investment minus depreciation.B) gross investment plus depreciation. C) depreciation minus gross investment. D) GNP minus final sales. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 28) D epreciation is A) the decrease in the overall price level. B) the additional capital stock in a year. C) the amount of used up machinery in a year. D) the amount of decline in business inventories. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 29) If net investment in 2007 is $350 billion and gross investment in 2007 is $500 billion, depreciation in 2007 is A) $0. 7 billion. B) $150 billion. C) $175 billion. D) $250 billion.Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 30) If net investment in 2008 is $500 billion and gross investment in 2008 is $900 billion, depreciation in 2008 is A) -$500 billion. B) $0. C) $400 billion. D) $1,400 billion. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 31) If gross investment in 2008 is $750 billion and depreciation in 2008 is $850 billion, net investment in 2008 is A) -$50 billion. B) -$100 billion. C) -$800 billion. D) -$1,600 billion. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calcu lating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 32)If gross investment in 2008 is $200 billion and depreciation in 2008 is $1,000 billion, net investment in 2008 is A) -$900 billion. B) -$800 billion. C) $1,000 billion. D) $1,200 billion. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 33) Exports equal A) imports – net exports. B) net exports + imports. C) net exports – imports. D) imports + (exports + imports). Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 34) When calculating GDP, exports are ________ and imports are ________. A) added; added B) added; subtracted C) subtracted; added D) subtracted; subtracted Answer: BDiff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 35) If the value of net exports is negative, then A) exports exceed imports. B) imports exceed exports. C) exports equal imports. D) imports are zero. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thi nking 36) The largest income component of GDP is A) proprietors' income. B) rental income. C) compensation of employees. D) corporate profit. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Fact 37) What should be subtracted from GDP to calculate national income? A) depreciation B) indirect taxes C) personal income taxes.D) net factor payments to the rest of the world Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 38) Proprietors' income is A) the income of unincorporated businesses. B) the income of all businesses? incorporated and unincorporated. C) the income of sole proprietorships. D) the income of partnerships. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 39) Net interest is the interest on loans paid by A) businesses, households, and the government. B) businesses and households. C) businesses and the government. D) businesses. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill:Definition 40) Interest paid by households and by t he government is A) counted in national income, but not in GDP. B) not counted in GDP because it is not assumed to flow from the production of goods and services. C) not counted in GDP but is counted in GNP because it is paid by U. S. citizens to people living in the United States. D) included in both GDP and GNP because it represents an expenditure by one group and a receipt of income by another group. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 41) What type of tax affects the amount of money you pay for a product? A) direct taxB) income tax C) indirect tax D) all of the above Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual 42) Depreciation is A) subtracted from national income to get GDP. B) added to national income to get GDP. C) subtracted from GNP to get NNP. D) added to GNP to get NNP. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 3 [pic] 43) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value for national income in billions of dollars is A) 585. B) 600. C) 635. D) 850. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic:Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 44) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value for gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 485. B) 680. C) 685. D) 710. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 45) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value of net factor payments to the rest of the world is A) 5. B) 15. C) 25. D) 35. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 46) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value of disposable income A) is 505. B) is 560. C) is 605. D) cannot be calculated given the information in Table 6. 3. Answer: D Diff: 2Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 47) If receipts of factor income from the rest of the world exceed payments of factor income to the rest of the world, then A) GD P is greater than GNP. B) GDP equals GNP. C) GNP equals NNP. D) GNP is greater than GDP. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 4 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 4 [pic] 48) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for GDP in billions of dollars is A) 910. B) 920. C) 950. D) 1,050. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDPSkill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 49) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for GNP in billions of dollars is A) 900. B) 930. C) 980. D) 1,010. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 50) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for NNP in billions of dollars is A) 890. B) 910. C) 940. D) 970. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 51) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for national income in billions of dollars is A) 890. B) 910. C) 940. D) 970. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACS B: Analytic Skills 2) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for personal income in billions of dollars is A) 870. B) 890. C) 950. D) 960. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 53) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for disposable personal income in billions of dollars is A) 750. B) 770. C) 820. D) 990. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 54) If GNP is $600 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $50 billion, and payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is A) $520 billion. B) 580 billion. C) $620 billion. D) $680 billion. Answer: B Diff: 3 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 55) If GNP is $200 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $10 billion, and payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is A) $160 billion. B) $210 billion. C) $220 billion. D) $240 billion. Ans wer: C Diff: 3 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 56) If GDP is $500 billion and depreciation is $40 billion, then net national product A) is $460 billion. B) is $500 billion. C) is $540 billion. D) annot be determined from this information. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 57) If GDP is $300 billion, depreciation is $30 billion, and net factor income from the rest of the world is -$40 billion, then net national product is A) $230 billion. B) $270 billion. C) $290 billion. D) $310 billion. Answer: D Diff: 3 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 58) If GNP is $800 billion and depreciation is $90 billion, then net national product is A) $710 billion. B) $845 billion. C) $890 billion. D) $980 billion. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic:Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 59) If GNP is $200 billion and depreciation is $20 billion, then net national product is A) $100 billion. B) $18 0 billion. C) $210 billion. D) $220 billion. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 60) If depreciation equals zero and retained earnings equal $5 billion, then A) GNP is less than net national product by $5 billion. B) GNP equals net national product. C) Net national product is less than GNP by $5 billion. D) GNP is greater than GDP by $5 billion. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill:Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 61) Net national product is A) GDP plus depreciation. B) GDP minus depreciation. C) GNP minus depreciation. D) GNP plus depreciation. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 62) The total income of households is A) net national product. B) personal income. C) national income. D) production income. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Definition 63) Personal income is national income minus A) depreciation. B) net factor income to the rest of the world. C) the amount of national income not goi ng to households. D) imports. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDPSkill: Fact 64) If national income is $600 billion, personal income is $400 billion, personal taxes are $120 billion, then disposable income equals A) $480 billion. B) $320 billion. C) $280 billion. D) $80 billion. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 65) Which of the following is subtracted from national income to get to personal income? A) retained earnings B) personal interest income C) depreciation D) personal Taxes Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 66) Personal income A) is always less than national income. B) s always greater than national income. C) may be greater than or less than national income. D) will always equal national income. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking 67) If personal income is $925 billion and personal income taxes are $70 billion, the value of disposable personal income is A) $835 billion. B) $855 billion. C) $890 billion. D) $995 billion. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Calculating GDP Skill: Analytic AACSB: Analytic Skills 68) If personal saving is -$10 billion and disposable personal income is $370 billion, then personal consumption spending A) is $360 billion.

KMART The New Forms of Discount Stores

Kmart was formed in the late 1950's to challenge new forms of discount stores. They are a descendant of an organization Sebastian S. Kresge. The average Kmart store is around 100,000 square feet. In 1987 Kmart was the largest discount retailer in the United States. They currently have 2,223 stores and last year they had over $25 billion in sales which is nearly double that of Wal-Mart. In 1991 they opened their Kmart superstores. The superstore is a 150,000 square feet and is expected to gross $40 to $50 million dollars in revenues. It will also remain open 24 hours a day. One symptom is that Wal-Mart has lower prices than Kmart which makes them very hard to compete with. Kmart has to try to get out of the really urban areas so they can compete more realistically with Wal-Mart. They need to keep their appearance and service above par or this also will result in problems. Kmart's biggest problem is obviously the widespread of Wal-Mart all over the United States. They have to find a way to compete with Wal-Mart's regional distribution centers. These centers ensure the Wal-Mart customers that they are going to get the best product for the best price. Since Kmart does not have these centers they still need to pay all of the fees that deal with shipping and handling. Kmart needs to do something quick. In a recent survey 49% of people said that they would drive right past a Kmart to go to a Wal-Mart. The average Wal-Mart customer visits the store 32 times in a year, meanwhile the average Kmart customer only visits 15 times in a year. They have to be in financial trouble since they are getting pressure from vendors to pay their bills on time. Kmart needs to find a certain area that they are better at then Wal-Mart. They are not going to be able to beat their prices so they have to provide better customer service. They have select a specialized department that they can dominate and at least take away a little of the business from Wal-Mart. For example develop a top of the line auto care station for tune ups, inspections, oil changes etc. They have to research and find rare products that Wal-Mart does not carry. If it is at all possible try to lower their prices so that they provide more competition for Wal-Mart. Kmart needs to develop a way to get their products for a lower price. As already said they should come up with an idea similar to Wal-Mart's regional distribution centers. They also need to develop physical distribution management. I think if they use the idea of regional centers it will greatly increase their product flow.

The Nepalese Business Environment Essay Example

The Nepalese Business Environment Essay Example The Nepalese Business Environment Paper The Nepalese Business Environment Paper Internal environment includes infrastructure, physical asset, human resources, organization Structure, technology, work system etc. T is located inside the business organization and it is controlled by the business. It provides strength and weakness to the business. External environment includes outer environment I: e social, economical, political, legal and competitive forces. It provides opportunity and threats to business. So, they are both interrelated and interconnected. It operates in a dynamic environment. According to Keith Davis, Business environment is the aggregate of all conditions, events and influences that surround and affect it Thus, Business environment is the combination of internal and external ores and condition prevalent inside and outside the boundaries of a firm. Business environment consist of the forces and conditions outside the boundaries of a firm. These forces changes overtime and thus present the firm with opportunities and threats that influences its ability to carry out its operation efficiency to attain its objectives. Complex: Business environment is a complex due to its unpredictability. It consists of interacting events, condition, influences arising from varied sources. Dynamic: Business environment is dynamic. It is continuously changing in shape and character. Multifaceted: Business environment is multifaceted. Different observer may view a particular change in the environment differently. The same development may be taken by someone as opportunity and by other threats. Far reaching: The change in environment has far reaching impact in the business. The growth, profitability and competitiveness Of the business depend on the existing business environment. Importance of business environment It is essential for the business manager have a profound knowledge about environment surrounding to business to make managerial and business decision. 1 . Comprehensive strategy formulation: business firms have to formulate broad strategies and long term policies for their continuous existence. An assessment of environmental component enables a manager to formulate business strategy and policy. The assessment can be done through STOW analysis. 2. Competitive analysis: business should regularly analyze the strength and weakness Of competitors and formulate strategies accordingly in Order to retain its superiority in the market. The study of business environment facilitates to formulates effective measures to analyses the strategies of the mediators and face them. 3. Adaptability: the foremost concern of any business firm is to adjust with the emerging environmental forces. As a result of environmental analysis, the managers are able to adopt the prevailing condition and thus to adopt the prevailing condition and thus influence the environment in order to make it congenial or less harmful to their business. 4. Stability: the study of environment enables the firms to foresee the impact of the socio economic and political changes taking place at the national and international levels on their stability. They can develop actions Lana to cope with such change to maintain stability. 5. Dynamism: the firm should change and mould itself with the changing environment. The knowledge of business environment enables the manager to be well acquainted with the changing business scenario and take proper steps to keep the firm up-to-date. Component of business environment Internal environment: Internal environment also called micro environment consist of condition and forces within the business organization that affects its performance and outcomes. ; Goals, policies, and strategies: goals are the desired outcomes and present and result. Policies are guidelines for business decision making and future courses of action. Strategies are the broad action plan. They mean to achieve goal. ; Culture: culture encompasses shared, norms, values and beliefs that guide member in organization. Culture means the assumption that member of an organization share in common. ; Organizational resources: resources can be physical, financial, human and information. , modern business organization required large amount of quality information. The acquisition, storage, analysis is very important for increasing business effectiveness. The development in information technology has greatly facilitated business activity. ; Organizational structure: structure is the designed of job position and relationship. It defines how job is formally divided, grouped and coordinated. External environment: External environment is composed with the outside condition and forces that influenced performance and outcomes. It is located outside the business organization and cannot be controlled by the effort of business organization. The external environment of business is defined as opportunity and threats. The external environment can also be divided into: a) general b) task ) General environment: it is also subdivided into following components I) Economic environment: the state of economic environment determines the general health and well being of the organization. Economic environment refers to all economic surrounding that influence the business activity. Economic system, economic policies, economic condition and reasonable economic groups are the component of economic environment of business. Economic system may be: ; Free market economy: it is based on private sector ownership. Consumer choice or purchase under a market system decide what we produce and by whom. Consumers have freedom of choice. The economic is not planned, controlled, and regulated by the government. ; Centrally market economy: it is based on public sector ownership. The economy is centrally planned, controlled, regulated by the government. Profit is not in aim. The state planner determines the number and types of commodities to be produce, their distribution and prices. ; Mixed economy: mixed economy co-exist both public and private sector. Economic policies: economic policies are monetary policy concerned with money supply, interest rate, creditability, exchange rate etc. Sisal policies are concerned with the use of taxation and government expenditure to regulate the level of economic activities. Industrial policies concerned with industrial licensing location, incentives, facilities, foreign investment, technology transfer etc. Economic condition: it is also components of economic environment which is determined by the factor like level and distribution of income, different business cycle, inflation, stage of economic development etc. Regional economic groups: it removes tariff and other restriction to promote co operation and free trade among member countries such as SCARCE, OPEC, ASIAN, IF, WTFO etc 2) Political environment: the component of political system, political institution, political philosophy. ; Political system consists of ideological forces, political parties, election procedures and power centers. ; Political institution consist of law, executive judge. ; Political philosophy can be democratic, totalitarian or mix of both. ) Legal environment: the legal environment forces that influences business law, court Of law and law Of administrator. ; Business law consists of an array of a business law that regulates business activity. Court of law: institution establish by law to solve legal disputes. ; Law of administration: law administer are the various law and enforces of agency which ensure agency which ensures implementation of law and the judgment of the court of law. 4) socio- cultural environment: s ocio environment of business refers to all the social surroundings that influence business. Socio environment is made up with the components such as demographic, socio institutions, pressure groups and social groups. ; Demographic forces: demographics forces consist of size, distribution, insist and growth of population, age and gender, mix of population, arbitration of population and migration of population. ; Social institution: Social institution consists of family ,reference groups( relative, colleges etc) and social class ; Pressure groups: pressure groups are the special interest groups organized to use the political process to advance their position earn and issue of social concern. Social change: social change implies modification in relationship and behavior pattern of individual and group in society. Cultural environment of the business refers to all the cultures surrounding hat influences business activities. It includes knowledge, customs, traditions, morals, values, religions, languages, symbols, works of arts and architecture and accepted behavior pattern of p eople. 5) Technological environment: technological environment refers to all the technical surrounding that influences business activities. The component of technological environment is: ; Level of technology: the level of technology may be appropriate or sophisticated, labor based or capital based. ; Pace of technological change: pace is the stage and speed of technological change. Technological transfer: technological transfer implies technology imported from technologically advances foreign country. ; Research and development budget: research and development budget is the situation of research and development budget get by government or business. Organization for technological adaptation, up gradation and development. ) Task environment Task environment also called competitive or operating environment. Operating environment involves factors in the immediate competitive situation of a particular organization. ; Customer: customer Of the task environment reflects the characteristic ND behavior of those who buy goods or services provided by the business. ; Supplier: suppliers are the individual and firms that provide the firms with the inputs resources that is provide HTH firms with the input resources that is needed to produce goods or services. Distribution: distribution is an organization or means that helps other organization to sell their goods and services to customers. The distributors can be retailers, middlemen, facilitators, and market service agencies. ; Special interest groups: special interest group is the organized groups o uses the political process to advance their position on particular issues. ; Financial institutions: business organization relay on the services of institution like commercial bank, finance companies, insurance companies and capital marketing institution to meet their short and long term financial needs and other services requirement. Media: the media keeps an eye on the vital decision or action of the business firm having general public interest. ; Competition: the competition factors of the task environment consist of those with whom an organization must do bette r in order to obtain sources, market and position. Environment scanning Environment scanning is the technique of acquiring information about environment uncertainty complexity and dynamism and analyzing the trends, emerging in the environment. In another words, environmental scanning is the process of monitoring the business environment to identify both present and future threats and opportunities that may influences the firms ability to reach its goal. Before form ululating strategy, environment should be analyzed as strategy matches the internal resources with external environment. What changes are occurring in the environment and in what ways the internal strength are utilized, what factors are affecting business, what purport entities are being available, strategic manager must get the information which is acquired by environmental scanning. Thus environmental scanning is a tool to monitor, evaluate and disseminate information from the environment. Environment scanning is done to Objectively identify opportunities and threats for the business opportunities are favorable conditions in the environment. This enables a business organization to consolidate and strengthen its position but threats are unfavorable condition in the environment. This creates risk or cause damage to a business organization. Only environmental scanning enhances to determine threats and opportunities. Environment Scanning help top management to understand and define current environment realities and predict future changes. The top management can observe the changes taking in the environment through reports, committee meeting, memorandum, sub-ordinate manager, journals, colleagues, employee, personal experience and conferences. Once the management receives this information about changes taking place in the environment, they then assess, co-relate, extrapolate and interpreted the vent and signals to determine threats and opportunities. Now considering the following example which clearly depicts how threats and opportunities are determined through environmental analysis: Events opportunity(LCP) 130% I Impact (l) I probability(P) Threats/ I Competitors entrance in the Sales fall by I Reduction in sales by 3% I I market I Political insecurity I Sales fall by I Reduction in sales by 6% sales fall by 140% recession I I Economic I Reduction in sales by 10% I Napalms entrance into WTFO I Market expansion baby% 140% Increase in sales by 20% I Price war I Price fall by 30% I Reduction in sales by 9% Environmental analysis In every society there are plenty of unmet human needs. Any business firm identifying these unmet needs and supplying goods and services to satisfy them would open up new opportunity for its. On the contrary, a business firm unaware of the environmental signals would find it in constant threats such a firm may even lose its existing business owing to decreased demand for its product or services in the market. It is therefore; very crucial for business firms to keep track of the emerging environmental trends and adjusts accordingly. Analysis involves breaking a whole into its parts to find it nature function and relation. Environmental analysis, involves identifying the present and future purport entities and threats. According to William Cluck( 1980) defines environmental analysis as the process by which strategist monitor the economic, legal, competitive, geographic, technical and social setting to determine opportunities and threats to their firms. According to Philip settler (2002),environmental analysis as the process of assessing the emerging trends. Every business firm manager has to pay attention in trends. In the process of analysis, a host of activities like thinking, feeling interpreting and behaving are involved. The constant changes in business environment disturb some managers. But todays managers have to anticipate them, understand them, deal with them and turn them to their firm advantages. There are several methods or technique of environmental analysis. The most common are as follows; ; STOW analysis ; Business related publication like newspaper and journals ; Business forecasting ; Formal research studies. Environmental analysis and its uses in strategic management Strategic management refers to the decision and action of top management directed at formulation and implementation of strategies to achieve long term objectives.