The Problem Of Aggression And Violence - 2205 Words

Aggression and violence are common in every day life, so common everyone is exposed to it. Krahe’ defines aggression as behavior that has intention to inflict negative consequences on a target with an expectancy the action will have a particular outcome (2001).There are an innumerable amount of studies to explain why aggression and violence occur, which are ranged from social and biosocial explanations as seen by the frustration and aggression theory (Dollard, 1939), the excitement transfer theory (Zillman, 1979), and the social learning theory (Bandura, 1961). Also ranged from biological theories, such as, psychodynamic (Freud, 1920), evolutionary (Buss, 1990), and ethological (Lorenz, 1966). Aggression has many forms, from social, verbal and physical aggression and other serious kinds of violence (Karriker-Jaffe, Foshee, Ennett, Suchindran, 2008). Based on theories and studies; I will propose my FIVEstop approach, which are 5 solutions that may help reduce aggressive in soc iety, and why the solutions may work. First, I recommend starting with children and parents. Since children are our future adults who will grow to learn different behaviors and actions, I believe it is crucial to reduce aggression in children first starting from birth. Many studies have shown that spanking children causes aggression. Maccoby (1992) found that children who have experienced physical discipline from their parents are more aggressive than those who have not. However, to understandShow MoreRelatedThe Journal Article : Elementary School Youth Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle Pathways To Aggression In Urban Elementary School Youth, studies and investigates the violence that is profound in the urban school district. The authors researched and examined the students to see if the violence from their environment was the cause of the children’s violence in school. Two hundred and fifty nine students were examined with the permission of parents to come to a conclusi on. Nearly one hundred percent of the participants were exposed to at least one act of violence. Results showedRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence And Violence On Children1425 Words   |  6 Pagesdesire of violence, if it might have prevented him from acting out his violence and aggressive behavior toward his victims. Whether the behavior is being acted out at home or in a public place, to a family member or a stranger, this issue must be address to help protect our children from hurting others and themselves as time progress. With no help, as time develop things gets worst; this goes for anything. Children are too young and emotionally unstable to handle or hold back any kind of violence and aggressiveRead More Sports Violence in Relation to Preserving Values in Society Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesall images of today’s sports that are familiar to us. In recent years players and fans alike have shown increased aggression when it comes to sporting events. One of the most disturbing trends in sports is the increasing frequency and severity of violence. Injuries and deaths among participants are on the rise, as are injuries and deaths among fans and spectators. Violence in sports is an important issue because sports themselves are an important aspect in our lives and the society we liveRead MoreChildren Of Inter Parental Family Violence1087 Words   |  5 PagesEvery single day, a child encounters an act of violence. Not only on televisions but also in their own homes as well. For those who go through those circumstances strongly believe that even families and homes are not the shelters where they would find encouragement and sense of security, but rather they abstract the meaning as an arena where fear, anxiety, confusion, anger, and disruption are significant threads in the needlepoint of a home life,(Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric NursingRead More Youth Violence Essay597 Words   |  3 Pages Youth Violence nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever since the terrible tragedy at Columbine High School, there has been a numerous list of recent school shootings in America. Youth violence is a major issue in today’s society. Many people dread what causes adolescents to be so violent, committing horrible crimes.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many wonders that go around about why young adolescents commit such violent crimes. These questions vary from why kidsRead MoreEffects Of Parental Neglect On Children From Ages 8-131199 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Tameika N. Martin PS504 July 5, 2016 Delores Harrell Assignment: Research Proposal - Draft of Introduction The subject of this particular research proposal is: Does parental neglect cause aggression in children from ages 8-13. The thesis statement for this subject is: Even though childhood aggression can come from things other than parental neglect, and not all neglected children have anger issues, neglectful parents can cause children to have anger issues because when children feel neglectedRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreViolent Video Games Do Not Cause Violence And Aggression1527 Words   |  7 PagesGames Over the past few years, the United States has seen violence that has come from the inside of the country. Various high schools, have had shootings inside of them from some of the high school students that go to that specific school. Some experts blame the shootings by categorizing the students as someone who has been tormented and bullied basically most of life, while other experts believe the shootings were caused by the violence in video games. There has been a lot of nation-wide discussionRead MoreEarly Disclosure, Violence, And Violence1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdisclosure to violence may possibly lead to aggression in young preschoolers. Research stated that exposure to violence in adolescence at a young age may lead to aggression in school age youths. Aggression and violence may not be as serious for some individuals and it’s often considered a part of growing up as a child. Aggression can be understood in a range of ways. It can be conceptualized as ones’ person ality trait or having origins within a difficult temperament. In other words, aggression and violenceRead MoreSexual Behavior And Substance Abuse Related Activities1255 Words   |  6 Pagesanother. They Examined data from two peer-group intervention studies and found that youth in the experimental group had increased adolescent problem behavior and negative life outcomes in adulthood, whereas youth in the control conditions did not show such effects. I suggest that, youth may be particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes as a result of peer aggression. The youth in the juvenile justice system have to deal with peer pressure almost all the time when not under guard supervision; it’s most

A Research On Ethics, Psychology, Class And Lab Safety

There is no required textbook. Class notes, references, and recommend readings are provided during each meeting period and in the follow-up sessions, covering topics on ethics, self-image, evidence-based pedagogies, case studies and tools, psychology, class and lab safety, and more. While most modules are taught by members of the Department of Chemistry, some external experts are invited to both enhance and provide support for the Chemistry community. Table 1: Topics in Advanced Training for Teachers and Researchers in Chemistry 1 Ensuring Equity in the Classroom 2 Dealing with Problem Students 3 Plagiarism and Internal Case Studies 4 Peer Discussion Review 5 How People Learn 6 Diversity Hiring and Recruiting 7 Compressed Gas Safety 8 Presentation Skills 9 Public Speaking 10 Scientific Writing 11 Phasing Teaching into Research The topics covered in this class are chosen to support the goals of developing ethics, critical thinking, and a strong self-image in GTAs as well as career development. This first goal of developing a strong ethical groundwork starts with â€Å"Ensuring Equity in the Classroom†. While part of this Advanced Training Course, it is presented during in the Intensive Training Program that GTAs receive prior to teaching their first class and is discussed in our previous publication (22). This topic dovetails well with the other pedagogical tools introduced that build a positive self-image and train GTAs to be authorities in their own classroom.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Occupational Safety And Dictate Human Performance Within A Work Environment1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthought was, how stressful of an environment to perform so many tasks, at such a quick pace. Intrigued by this question, I narrowed down my interests in psychology to the investigation of how stress, motivatio n, and task variation can effect attention and performance under threatening environments. Furthermore, how those constructs effect occupational safety and dictate human performance within a work environment. More specifically, I am interested in exploring the question of what countermeasures can beRead MoreEthical Judgements Limit the Methods Available1400 Words   |  6 Pagesrefers to how the messages are communicated through the published work. As a result of these judgements, banned literature limits the knowledge available for the students. Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a book I read in my grade 10 English class. This book is banned in some countries because of its themes about sex, inappropriate language and the character’s rebellious acts against the adult world (â€Å"Entertainment. Entertainment Milestone Top 10 Censored Books Comments). In my opinion, studentsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suff er painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowly kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. 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What makes us happy? Do humans display irrational biases? How can I, a mere physical being, have thoughts and emotions? HowRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFoundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 ManagementRead MoreKkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk6406 Words   |  26 Pages553 7. Electronics and Computer Software MANAGEMENT and HUMAN FACTORS (6 credits) Two courses must be taken in the Management and Human Factors core. 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Unilever South Africa free essay sample

Unilever’s however decided to continue investing in the South African economy. Unilever’s Capital Expenditure between 1980 and 1985 exceeded R192 million with Lever Brothers buying Reckitt–Columbus, the industrial division of Reckitt and Colman, in 1982 and then adding a new NSD Plant and Oil Mill in Boksburg, an upgraded Bath soap manufacturing facility in Durban and production facilities for silica gels. 1985 marked the acquisition of Brooke Bond Oxo, followed by Cheesebrough Ponds in 1987, Simonsberg Cheese in 1988 and the local Elizabeth Arden business in1989. Ola ice cream was established in 1994 and Van Den Bergh amp; Jurgens and Lipton were merged to establish Unifoods as an integrated foods business. Extensive capital investment was made in new IT systems, innovation in soap powders (concentrates), and in new foods. Unilever continued to consolidate and, in 1996, Lever Brothers and Elida Ponds merged to form a strong home and personal care company called Lever Ponds. In 2004, in line with the Global name alignment, Lever Pond’s was renamed Unilever South Africa Home and Personal Care. On the same basis, the Foods business was renamed Unilever South Africa Foods. In 2007 , Unilever South Africa Home and Personal Care and Unilever South Africa Foods were merged together to form the company we today call Unilever South Africa Pty Ltd HOW UNILEVER WORKS. The current Unilever corporate logo was introduced in 2004 and was designed by the brand consultancy Wolff Olins. It is composed of 24 icons woven together to create a U shape, with each icon representing one of the companys sub-brands or its corporate values. [37] The brand identity was developed around the idea of adding vitality to life For three consecutive years Unilever has made an impact at the Product of the Year Awards, even scooping 12 awards in the year 2011. This is testimony to the effort Unilever takes to ensure that its products are of superior quality. It therefore has an edge over its competition in this respect which helps retain and increase the number of customers it has. In 2011 Unilever South Africa ranked No1 Large Sized Employer and No1 FMCG Employer at the CFR SA Best Employers Awards 2011. It also ranked 4th on the Overall Best Employer. Unilever therefore has a knack for employee satisfaction. It has satisfied employees in terms of remuneration, good working conditions and equal/fair treatment of all employees. With obviously motivated employees Unilever is able to conduct operations efficiently and effectively. This ensures that the company’s annual goals are attained and maximum profits are made. Unilever biggest strength is its brands. Sunlight is Unilever’s largest selling brand, while others such as Omo, Lux, Lipton, Ola and Knorr are famous household names. Unilever operates in nine product categories. These are namely laundry, savoury and dressings, skincare and cleansing, margarine, deodorants, household care, tea, hair care and ice cream. It leads the market in seven of these categories Consumer research also plays a vital role in brand development. Unilever’s excellent strategy of creating strong brands has ensured that over the years the company’s products have continued to have a strong presence in the market. Strong branding also helps their brands be more attractive to the final consumer who would probably purchase them over the competition. REASONS FOR HAVING A LARGE EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY. Unilever South Africa and its employees were responsible for generating an output of more than R32 billion in the process, supporting approximately 100Â  000 jobs throughout South Africa’s economy.. In total this represents 0. 8% of South Africa’s total employment. Unilever South Africa sources from over 3 000 suppliers and half of its R4. 5 billion purchasing spend goes to South African suppliers. Unilever South Africa is responsible for a number of other important economic effects as well. The company has also made very significant tax revenues for the government, which is a total some R4 billion, equivalent to almost 0. % of all government revenue. Analysis shows that Unilever South Africa contribution to value added throughout the economy amounted to R12. 5 billion in 2005, or around 0. 9% of the countrys GDP. The GDP multiplier indicates that for every R100 of Unilever South Africa sales revenue, R145 is added to the countrys GDP. The company offers extensive trai ning for its own workers as well as for non-workers and the unemployed, who participate in South Africa’s learnership schemes, which is a key component of the governments skill-building initiatives. The cost of this training was equal to 2. % of corporate payroll in 2005. The quality of the training is superb since some of their employees are lured away to other companies. While it is a challenge to continue retaining them it is positive for the South African Economy since since the local firms benefit. These firms may not have the capacity to provide such excellent training which is a further bonus to the economy. Unilever South Africa further influences South Africa’s economy and its social well-being through its Corporate Social Investments (CSI) projects and its efforts to promote Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). Unilever South Africa CSI programmes have had an emphasis on meeting the challenges of HIV/Aids; the improvement of education and of educational opportunities for disadvantaged citizens. Many of these activities have been carried out in close co-operation with the government of South Africa. In line with BEE It is now recruiting heavily among previously disadvantaged individuals for the next generation of upper management. It therefore has one of the most excellent BEE score cards. Another area in which Unilever South Africa contributes to South Africa is through its environmental policies and programmes. The company uses global environmental standards that even exceed those found within South Africa. POSITIVE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY. Creation of emplotment-Unilever has been able to provide employment for many South Africans. This helps to alleviate poverty since more people are able to support themselves using jobs that Unilever has provided. Revenue to the government-Unilever is an umbrella company with many different brands under it working independently. All these different brands are taxed by the government. The revenue attained by the government can be used for the benefit of the whole country by for example building infrastructure. Corporate Social Investment(CSI)- Communities within South Africa’s economy benefit from CSI projects which help improve their standards of living. This helps the economy be more conducive for business by reducing poverty and therefore crime. NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY. Pollution-Unilever has taken measures to reduce the amount of harmful emission of pollutants into the environment. But due to the nature of the manufacturing process harmful emissions are still released into the environment. This causes illness to the human resource which reduces productivity. The mortality rate could also be lowered which has less productive workers in the economy. Competition for local firms-Local firms experience stiff competition from Unilever. They are of much smaller capacity to Unilever. As a result local industries are killed since they do not have the means to compete with the multinational. This results in fewer job opportunities for the population. Consumers are also limited for choice since local products get less availability in the market. Investment in other countries-Unilever is a multinational and has many bases throughout the planet. Profits attained from the South African market could therefore be used to invest in its interests in other nations. This drains the South African economy of revenue that could have been used for the benefit of the South African economy. MEDIA ARTICLES Report on media articles Unilever’s desire to continue expanding in South Africa is evident. They have pledged to continue investing in the South African economy by introducing even ,ore brands into the economy. Some local brands have also been purchased to further establish Unilever’s influence on the South African economy. A billion rand has also been invested to continue producing its brands. Sources http://www. unilever. co. za Measuring Unilever’s Economic Footprint-Ethan B Kapstein http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Unilever | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. ]

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Essay Example

Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin Paper Trimyristin is one member of a class of triglycerides which is found in animals fatty tissues and vegetable or marine oils. It can dissolve in organic compound such as hot acetone readily as it is a non-polar compound.  After the isolation of tirmyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction followed by recrystallizaiton, the present of functional groups in organic molecules can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most useful tools available to the organic chemist as only small quantity of sample is needed, the cost of the spectrometer is relatively small and the application of this method is wide. A molecule is constantly vibrating. Changes in vibrations of a molecule are caused by absorption of infrared light. A particular part of the infrared spectrum is referred to either by its wavelength or its frequency. Therefore, infrared spectrum is a highly characteristic property of an organic compound and can be used both to establish the identity of two compounds and to reveal the structure of a new compound. We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Purification and Infrared spectrum of trimyristin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Small amount of activated carbon is added to during the recrystallization in order to absorb the colour inside the solution. After that, it can be filter out by the fluted filter paper.  Objective:  To isolate trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction  To purified it by recrystallization.  To obtain an infrared spectrum of the isolated trimyristin from the recrystallized trimyristin from the experiment.  To study the difference between the infrared spectrum results of the isolated trimyristin from experiment 3 and the recrystallized trimyristin  Materials and Methods  Procedure for the isolation trimyristin from nutmeg seed by solvent extraction. 15.13g of ground nutmeg seed, 40ml of acetone and five antibumping granules were placed into a 100ml round bottom flask. The ground glass joints of the 100-ml reaction flask and the outer joint of the reflux condenser were lubricated by Vaseline to prevent the glass joints from freezing together. The mixture was then allowed to reflux for 15 minutes.  Then, the heating mantle was switched off and the hot solution was filtered into a 100 ml conical flask containing 15 ml acetone on a hot water bath using a hot stemless funnel which was preheated to about 80?C and fitted with a fluted filter paper. The extracts were allowed to cool in an ice bath until crystallization was complete while the solid material was isolated by suction filtration. Procedure for recrystallization  The isolated product from ex 3 was placed in a 100ml conical flask. Then 30ml acetone and a very small amount of activated charcoal were added. The mixture was warmed in a hot water bath. After that, the solution was filtered and allowed to cool in an ice bath. The purified trimyristin crystals were collected by suction filtration. The weight and melting point of the product were also determined.  Procedure for infrared spectroscopy. About 15 to 20 mg of the recrystallized sample was ground in an agate mortar, then a drop of the paraffin oil was added, and was ground for 2 to 5 minutes until a mull was formed. The mull was transferred to the bottom salt plate of a demountable cell. The top plate was then placed and twisted to distribute the sample evenly and eliminate all air pockets and the spectrum was run. After running the sample, the salt plates were wiped clean with a tissue paper saturated with acetone. The apparatus for refluxing a solution is always left open to the atmosphere during heating and is never stoppered because if the apparatus is in a closed system and the temperature of that system is increased, air will expand. And the solvent will evaporate into gas so the pressure inside will increase also. As the pressure inside will continue to increase and until the apparatus cannot stand the pressure, the apparatus will break and the solution may spread. That is why it is really unsafe when heating in a closed system. IR spectrum  In our group, the IR spectrum of recrystallized sample was done. In the spectrum, there were a peak at 1735.84cm-1 which indicated the presence of C=O bond,  peaks at about 1180cm-1 which indicated the presence of C-O bond and the peak at 2842.67cm-1 to 2920cm-1 indicated the presence of aliphatic C-H bond.  By comparing the IR spectrum of un-recrystallized sample from the other group, similar pattern of the spectrum was obtained. Same functional groups were found in that sample but the transmittance of the recrystallized one was much lower than the un-recrystallized one which indicated that the purity of the recrystallized sample was higher. Source of errors  If the mixture was heating under reflux for too long, other things may also extract. Moreover, there was loss of sample during the transfer process as some solid might adhere on the flasks, Buchner funnel or even the weighting bottle. Some of the trimyristin might not completely dissolve in the hot acetone so less trimyristin was extracted. As the solubility of trimyristin in hot acetone is much bigger than in colder acetone, if we dont filter quickly after heating, the temperature would decrease and less trimyristin would be isolated. For the IR spectrum of the recrystallized sample, some sharp unnecessary peaks may appear because of the acetone or other impurities as we used acetone to clean the plate which did not evaporate completely before we put them in the spectroscopy. Improvement  For the purity, we can repeat the process of recrystallization although the yield might be lowered. Moreover, the product could be allowed to dry in the suction filter for more time. Tiny amount of charcoal was added first, then warm the mixture for a while if the yellow colour still present, a little more charcoal is added instead of adding too much at first. For the reflux, it is better not reflux for more than 20 minutes. During reflux, the stand should shake gently so that the trimyristin can better dissolve in the hot acetone and should filter the solution as quick as possible after heating. Finally, wait for a while after cleaning the salts plates or apparatus used for IR spectroscopy so that the acetone can fully evaporate in order not to interfere the results.